With the rise of smart buildings, smart lighting control systems play a crucial role within them. This article will explore the application of smart lighting systems in intelligent architecture, discussing their research status, structure, and application strategies in detail. Through proper control and management, smart lighting systems can enhance the energy conservation, environmental protection, and sustainability of buildings, further improving their functionality. As China’s social and economic growth continues, the prospects for smart lighting systems are broad and will promote the further development of smart buildings.
01 Research Status of Smart Lighting Systems: Balancing Energy Savings and Comfort. Smart lighting systems, as an upgraded version of traditional lighting systems, feature a multi-control circuit system with multiple power switches, simplifying the installation and operation process. Compared to traditional lighting systems, smart lighting systems can use system software to achieve real-time control of lighting and meet the illumination needs of various scenarios, providing a better living experience for people.
The sensing module is mainly used to provide environmental information to reduce lighting energy consumption, improve visual comfort, and regulate human physiological rhythms. The smart lighting system needs to adjust lighting according to the specific location of users and turn off lighting equipment in unoccupied areas. In addition, photoelectric detectors are also needed to adjust the brightness of light sources according to natural light. Currently, domestic and foreign research mainly focuses on establishing the reflection amount of sensors by sensing the spatial position of equipment and the reflection effect of surrounding targets. In addition, research has also been conducted on sensing the physical condition of users through sensing devices such as smart bracelets and watches. The control module system is divided into three categories: centralized, decentralized, and distributed. The centralized control system consists of a central controller that is responsible for processing the measurement data of each sensor and issuing adjustment commands to each lighting device according to the measurement results. In a decentralized control system, each lamp has a light source, a driving circuit, and an independent sensing and control module. It can be adjusted according to the sensor readings but cannot communicate with other lamps. In a distributed control system, there is communication function between lamps, and they are both execution devices and control devices. Smart lighting systems usually adopt a decentralized or distributed structure, that is, the light adjustment of each unit is relatively independent and is connected to the building intelligent management system through a central console and information interface. Compared with the decentralized system, the distributed system has communication capabilities and can solve the problem of insufficient local lighting when affected by sunlight or the surrounding environment. By adding a communication module, the light source can receive information from other lighting devices, determine the operating status of adjacent lamps, and further adjust the lighting system to improve the safety of the system. 03 Application strategies of smart lighting systems in intelligent buildings: zoning and function division. The application of smart lighting systems in intelligent buildings is very extensive. Whether it is road lighting, tunnel lighting, building automation lighting or home lighting, all are inseparable from smart lighting systems. When applying smart lighting systems in intelligent buildings, controlled targets can be controlled according to zoning and function division. Zoning division is to divide controlled targets according to the building structure, count the number of controlled targets, overall operating conditions, control parameters, communication needs, etc., and provide a reference for centralized control and system integration of controlled objects. According to function division, controlled targets are divided into different categories according to monitoring needs. The lighting system can be divided into working lighting, accident lighting, art lighting, obstacle lighting, etc. according to functions. Regional lighting control, dimming control, clock control, scene control, light sensing settings, and motion sensing settings can be adopted according to regional characteristics.
Dividing controlled targets can provide a basic basis for setting control methods, control depth, control accuracy, and control costs. In architectural engineering lighting design, different loop control modes need to be adopted according to different controlled targets, that is, the lighting characteristics of each functional area. For places that do not require many functions and have no people entering or leaving, a simple circuit can be used for control. Only by adjusting the lighting module and control module can the automatic opening and closing of the lighting circuit be achieved. In public areas such as corridors and elevator lobbies, in addition to designing a simple control circuit, it is also necessary to design the automatic switch of lighting and add electronic components such as dynamic detectors, static detectors, and intelligent detectors. And use dimming modules, control modules, and sensing modules to automatically control the lamps in various areas under different working conditions. For building areas with higher functional requirements, such as exhibition halls, lecture halls, conference centers, and multi-function halls, not only a simple control circuit needs to be designed, but also a preset scene control mode needs to be used according to lighting time, purpose, and effect. 04 Practical applications of smart lighting systems in intelligent buildings: Showing advantages in multiple fields. Smart lighting systems are widely used in scenarios such as hotels, civil buildings, teaching buildings, subway stations, and emergency lighting. In hotel buildings, the application types of smart lighting systems are relatively rich, including indoor smart lighting systems, stage smart lighting systems, and multimedia smart lighting systems. In artistic lighting, reasonably choosing lighting brightness and light source distribution is a crucial design link. Multiple types of lighting systems can meet the multi-scenario needs of hotels and have the characteristics of good dimming consistency, high light accuracy, strong stability, complete functions, and long service life. By using intelligent control technology, the detection of the working status of lamps and on-site real-scene dimming can be realized. In civil buildings, smart lighting systems are widely used. Lighting switches and brightness are automatically controlled according to time and lighting purposes to achieve humanized management and intelligent lighting while achieving energy-saving effects. The smart lighting system in civil buildings generally includes parts such as dimming modules, switches, input modules, human-computer interaction interfaces, and intelligent sensors, aiming to provide users with a better lighting experience while reducing energy consumption. Teaching buildings are densely populated and integrate multiple functions such as teaching and living, resulting in large energy consumption. The smart lighting system can be intelligently adjusted according to light intensity and chromaticity to reduce the stimulation of bad light on students’ vision and protect their eyesight. The smart lighting system can automatically judge the lighting conditions in the classroom and outside and adjust the lighting as needed to reduce energy consumption.
Intelligent lighting systems are a crucial component of smart education, capable of connecting with other control systems to form an extensive, widely distributed intelligent network.
In subway stations, the application of intelligent lighting systems enhances the level of intelligence and the management efficiency of the lighting systems, reducing energy consumption and addressing the lighting needs of various spatial environments. Subway stations are divided into multiple functional areas, and intelligent lighting systems can meet a variety of different lighting requirements. In emergency lighting, intelligent lighting systems accurately locate the fire location and affected areas, guiding evacuation and escape directions. Emergency lighting sources have good penetration, providing guidance even under smoke interference. Intelligent lighting systems can also be combined with voice prompt systems to provide instructions and guide evacuation for those in distress. Emergency lighting power sources come in two types: built-in batteries and centralized power supply, allowing for the selection of the appropriate power source based on actual conditions. In summary, intelligent lighting systems have a wide range of applications in smart buildings, bringing convenience to people. They not only provide high-quality lighting services but also achieve energy conservation through intelligent technology, playing a positive role in societal progress. Intelligent lighting systems will develop in parallel with related fields in society, committed to building a smart society. From electrification to intelligence, and to the future of smartness, lighting systems have evolved with the times, meeting the needs of societal development.
